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2019年6月大学英语四级阅读理解训练：梦

Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thelate 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just"mental noise"-the random byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is"off line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better."It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychologyat Chicago's Medical Center,"if you don't like it, change it."

he link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.

And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualizehow you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.

At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or"we wake up in panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.

练习题：

Choose correct answers to the question:

1.By saying that“dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat,"(Lines 4-5, Para. 1) the researchers mean that _______.

A.we can think logically in the dreams too

B.dreams can be brought under conscious control

C.dreams represent our unconscious desires and fears

D.dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable

2.What did Cartwright find in her clinic?

A.Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.

B.Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.

C.One’s dreaming process is related to his emotion.

D.People having negative feelings dream more often.

3.Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.

A.control what dreams to dream

B.sleep well without any dreams

C.wake up in time to stop the bad dreams

D.identify what is upsetting about the dreams

4.The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______

A.learn to control his dreams

B.consult a doctor

C.sleep and dream on it

D.get rid of anxiety first

5.The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.

A.a good practice

B.a new discovery

C.helpful for everyone

D.not essential for everyone

参考答案及解析

1.[D]词义理解题。在第1段第4句中，逗号后面的regulating moods是对emotional thermostat的功能进行解释说明，因此可以推断出选项D正确。

2.[C]事实细节题。最具干扰的是选项A，因为其陈述与第2段第2句的陈述有点相似,但是，此长句说的是大多数人上半夜做噩梦，之后都会做好梦，而不是像选项A中所说大多数噩梦之后是好梦。而且，根据本段第1句，很明显，选项C是这一句的近义替换。

3 [C]推理判断题。本题考査对代词的理解。在第3段的最后一句中，代词it应指上文说到的控制噩梦，及时醒来等做法，因此只有选项C涉及了其中一个做法。选项A太泛了，选项B和D在文中并无提及。

4.[B]事实细节题。本题考查根据构词法猜测词义的能力。解题关键是推断最后一段第3句中therapist的意义，在考纲词汇表中，therapy是“治疗”的意思，因此，therapist应该是专门负责某种治疗的医生，由此可见，选项B是对原文seek help from a therapist的近义替换。

5.[D]观点态度题。根据最后一句可以推断作者认为如无必要，梦还是不要控制的好。做梦会让你早上感觉舒服一些，因此本题应选D。

The dancers stand motionless at their position and the room grows silent. But as the music starts, they began to move, bending, turning and waving their fans gracefully as they perform. a traditional Japanese dance. Yoshihiro Kuroki watches in silence, occasionally making notes. But as the dance ends, he beams with happiness. The performance has been flawless.

There have been many performances of traditional Japanese dances over the centuries, but this one is unique,because it is performed not by human dancers but by robots. And the performance takes place not in a dance studio but in a laboratory of Sony Corp.'s Entertainment Robot Co. in Shinagawa, Japan, where Kuroki isgeneral manager. He is the mastermind behind a series of even more capable humanoid entertainment robots,starting with the Sony Dream Robot, or SDR, in 1997, up to the current QRIO in 2003.

These delightful machines are only 58 cm tall, about the size of a newborn infant, weigh about 7 kg, and move with 38 degrees of freedom, each with its own servomotor(辅助马达).

QRIO's predecessor, the SDR4X, announced in 2002, can walk, dance, sing, speak, recognize faces, and understand continuous speech. Each robot has two charge-coupled-device cameras to detect color and position andcan locate a colored ball, move toward it, and kick it into a goal. It also has contact sensors in severaljoints to avoid pinching real human fingers. Seeing the robot perform, it is difficult to remember that there is no sentience(知觉)behind those glass eyes.

练习题：

Choose correct answers to the question:

1.Which of the following is the most suitable title of this passage?

A.New Entertainment Robots Produced in Japan.

B.QRIO the Robot Dancers.

C.Robots Man's Best Friend.

D.An Extraordinary Performance in Sony's Lab.

2.Yoshihiro Kuroki ______.

A.is excited when the robots are performing a traditional Japanese dance

B.keeps silent because he is a little unsatisfied with the new product

C.witnesses the creation of a series of entertainment robots

D.is an executive manager of Sony Corp.

3.Which aspect of the robots is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A.The vividness of their motion.

B.Their pleasant appearance.

C.Their smart designing principles.

D.Their communicative ability.

4.The Sony Dream Robot was___

A.the first human-like entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp

B.as capable as the QRIO of speaking,dancing,singing and walking

C.largest among all the entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp

D.the first entertainment robot sold at the market by the Sony Corp

5.The robot can locate colored balls by mens of ____

A.a charge-coupled device

B.two cameras

C.two contacts sensors

D.a digital detector

参考答案及解析

1.[A]主旨大意题。标题需要既全面又突出地概括文章的主题。本文先是描述“舞蹈演员”，然后揭晓这是些“机器人”(第2段第1句)，接着对Sony公司的一些机器人产品进行详细介绍。选项A比较全面地概括了文章内容。选项B、D只是涉及细节，不能全面地概括本文的内容。而C又过于笼统，不具有针对性。

2.[C]事实细节题。选项C符合第2段最后一句“He is the mastermind behind a series of... robots...”。仔细阅读有关的细节信息会发现,第1段第3句可帮助否定选项A。第1段最后两句可帮助否定选项B。另外，根据第2段倒数第2句可否定选项D。

3.[D]事实细节题。全文分四段，分别讨论机器人三方面的特点：第1段和第2段描述机器人舞蹈演员栩栩如生的表演，即选项A;第3段描写它们的外表，即选项B;第4段介绍它们巧妙的设计，即选项C;只有选项D是没有提到的，故为答案。

4.[A]推理判断题。该句中的分词结构“starting with...”表明the Sony Dream Robot是第一个人形娱乐机器人，因此选项A正确。文章在最后一段的第1句提到两种能说话、跳舞的机器人，但没有提到SDR是否和它们一样，由此可否定选项B。在第3段讨论机器人大小的时候也没有提到SDR体型最大，因此选项C不正确。选项D在文中没有讨论到。

5.[B]事实细节题。该句中“two…cameras to...”的结构表明这两个摄像头可以用于定位，所以选项B正确。选项A在该句中也有提到，但它只是摄像机的工作机制，而不是用于定位的装置。选项C在下一句提到，但与题干提到的定位功能无关。选项D在文中并未提及。

Henry III didn't know much about biology. He went through six wives back in the 1500s, looking for one whocould bear him a son. Scientists now know that it's the father's sperm, not the mother's egg, which determines whether a baby is a boy or a girl. And last week researchers at the Genetics and IVF Institute, a private fertility(生育能力)center in Virginia, announced a new technique that will allow parents to choose the sex of their baby-to-be, before it has even been conceived. The scientist used a tiny laser detector to measure the DNA in millions of sperm cells as they pass single file through a narrow tube, like cattle being herded through a corral(牲口栏). In a study published last week,"girl sperm," which has more DNA—the genetic material— in each cell, was collected, while"boy sperm" was discarded. And when purified girl sperm was used to impregnate(使受孕)a group of mothers, 15 of 17 resulting babies turned out to be girls.

The researchers say that"sex selection" can also double a mother's chance of having a son and can be usedto avoid genetic diseases that affect only one gender, such as hemophilia(血友病). But some experts, like New York University fertility specialist Dr. Jamie Grifo, worry that sex selection could lead to a kind ofin uteri(子宫)discrimination, especially in cultures where sons are considered superior to daughters."It's valuing one gender' over another," Grifo says."I don't think that's something we should be doing." So far, patients at the institute have been asking for both boys and girls, in order to"balance" their families. And some ethics experts say that's fine, as long as parents are just looking for a little gender variety."If you have three boys, and you want a girl," says University of Texas reproductive-law professor John Robertson,"that's not gender bias at all."

练习题：

Choose correct answers to the question:

1.The DNA in the sperm cells can be measured ______.

A.in the same way how the cattle are herded

B.when they pass through a tube one behind the other

C.after they pass through a laser tube

D.when they are scanned by a laser detector all at a time

2.The gender of the baby is decided by ______.

A.the father's DNA

B.the mother's DNA

C.the father's sperm

D.the mother's egg

3.According to this passage, the practice of"sex selection" ______.

A.can help to prevent all genetic problems

B.is totally unacceptable to ethics experts

C.was already realized five hundred years ago

D.will benefit families with certain inheritable diseases

4.Girl sperm was preferred to boy sperm in the research most probably because____

A.girl sperm contains more genetic material

B.more mother want to have girl babies

C.girl sperm is healthier and more active

D.girl sperm is more easily purified

5.It can be concluded from the passage that author’s toward”sex selection”is____

A.negative

B.positive

C.neutral

D.favorable

参考答案及解析

1.[B]推理判断题。解答本题的关键在于推断single file的意思。该句把精子通过试管的情形与牛群被赶入牲口圈的情形作对比，结合single一词本身的意思，可以推断single file是“一个接一个”的意思，只有选项B能表达这个意思，由此也可否定选项D。选项A最具干扰性，原句是把精子通过试管的情形比作牛群被赶人牲口圈的情形，而选项A说的是测定精子内DNA的方法与放牧的方法相同，显然选项A只是引用了原文的某些词语，但表达的意思与原文却截然不同。

2.[C]事实细节题。第1段第3句which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰的是the father's sperm，而不是插入语the mother’s egg,因此选项C正确。

3.[D]推理判断题。第2段第1句中的genetic暗示有些疾病是遗传的，即如选项D所述。第2段第1句同时表明选项A的说法是不全面的。选项B与第2段最后两句正好相反。第1段前两句说明选项C是错误的。

4.[A]事实细节题。第1段倒数第2句中的由which引导的定语从句表明选项A的叙述正确。

5.[C]观点态度题。文章第2段中作者给出了一些反对者和赞成者的观点，但是没有加以评论，可以看出作者的态度是中立的，故选项C正确。

It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man. College, career, and life itself got in the way. In fact, Jack moved clear across the country in pursuit of the dreams. There, in the rush of his busy life, Jack had little time to think about the past and often no time to spend with his wife and son. He was working on his future, and nothing could stop him.

杰克已经有一段时间没见到这位老人了。大学、工作和生活本身都成为了障碍。事实上，为了追求梦想，杰克在全国到处飞。繁忙的生活让杰克几乎没有时间思考过去，也没有时间和妻儿在一起。他在为自己的未来而努力，没有什么能阻止他。

Over the phone, his mother told him,“Mr. Belser died last night. The funeral is Wednesday.” Memories flashed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days.

在电话里，他的母亲告诉他：“贝尔瑟先生昨晚去世了，葬礼在周三举行。”当他静静地坐在那里回忆童年时光时，记忆就像历史影像在脑海中闪现。

“Jack, did you hear me?”

“杰克，你听见了吗？”

“Oh, sorry, Mom. Yes, I heard you. it’s been so long since I thought of him. I’m sorry, but I honestly thought he died years ago,” Jack said.

杰克说：“哦，对不起，妈妈。是的，我听见了。我很久没想起他了。对不起，但我真的以为他几年前就去世了。”。

“Well, he didn’t forget you. Every time I saw him he’d ask how you were doing. He’d reminisce about the many days you spent over‘his side of the fence’ as he put it,” Mom told him.

“嗯，他没有忘记你。每次我见到他，他都会问你过得怎么样。他常常回忆起你在他家院子里度过的许多日子，”妈妈告诉他。

“I loved that old house he lived in,” Jack said.

“我喜欢他住的那栋老房子，”杰克说。

“You know, Jack, after your father died, Mr. Belser stepped in to make sure you had a man’s influence in your life,” she said.

“杰克，你知道吗，你父亲去世后，贝尔瑟先生介入进来，确保你的生活中有男人的影响，”她说。

“He’s the one who taught me carpentry. I wouldn’t be in this business if it weren’t for him. He spent a lot of time teaching me things he thought were important. Mom, I’ll be there for the funeral.” Jack said.

“是他教我木工的。如果没有他，我就不会从事这个行业。他花了很多时间教我他认为重要的东西。妈妈，我会参加葬礼的。”杰克说。

Busy as he was, he kept his word. Jack caught the next flight to his hometown. Mr. Belser’s funeral was small and uneventful. He had no children of his own, and most of his relatives had passed away.

尽管杰克很忙，但他信守诺言。赶上了下一班飞往家乡的航班。贝尔瑟先生的葬礼规模不大，平平淡淡。他没有自己的孩子，他的亲戚大多数都去世了。

The night before he had to return home, Jack and his Mom stopped by to see the old house next door one more time, which was exactly as he remembered. Every step held memories. Every picture, every piece of furniture… Jack stopped suddenly.

在他不得不回去的前一天晚上，杰克和他的妈妈再次路过隔壁的老房子，这正是他所记得的。每一步都有记忆。每一张照片，每一件家具……杰克突然停了下来。

“What’s wrong, Jack?” his Mom asked.

“怎么了，杰克？”他妈妈问。

“The box is gone,” he said.

“盒子不见了，”他说。

“What box?” Mom asked.

“什么盒子？”妈妈问。

“There was a small gold box that he kept locked on top of his desk. I must have asked him a thousand times what was inside. All he’d ever tell me was‘the thing I value most’,” Jack said.

“他把一个小金盒锁在书桌上。我肯定问过他一千遍里面装的是什么。他总是告诉我是他‘最珍视的东西’，”杰克说。

It was gone. Everything about the house was exactly how Jack remembered it, except for the box. He figured someone from the Belser family had taken it.

它不见了。除了盒子，房子的一切都和杰克记忆中的一模一样。他认为是贝尔瑟家族的人拿走的。

“Now I’ll never know what was so valuable to him,” Jack said sadly.

“现在我永远也不知道是什么对他如此有价值，”杰克悲伤地说。

Returning to his office the next day, he found a package on his desk. The return address caught his attention.

第二天回到办公室，他在办公桌上发现了一个包裹。回信地址引起了他的注意。

“Mr. Harold Belser” it read.

上面写着“哈罗德·贝尔瑟先生”。

Jack tore open the package. There inside was the gold box and an envelope. Jack’s hands shook as he read the note inside,

杰克撕开了包裹。里面有一个金盒子和一个信封。杰克读到里面的纸条时，双手颤抖，

“Upon my death, please forward this box and its contents to Jack Bernett. It’s the thing I valued most in my life.” A small key was taped to the letter. His heart racing, and tears filling his eyes. Jack carefully unlocked the box. There inside he found a beautiful gold pocket watch. Running his fingers slowly over the fine cover, he opened it.

“我死后，请把这个盒子和里面的东西转交给杰克·伯内特。这是我一生中最珍视的东西。”信上贴着一把小钥匙。他的心怦怦直跳，泪水盈眶。杰克小心地打开箱子。他在里面发现了一块漂亮的金怀表。他用手指慢慢地抚摸着精美的封面，打开了它。

Inside he found these words carved:“Jack. Thanks for your time! Harold Belser.”

他发现里面刻着这样一句话：“杰克。谢谢你的时间！哈罗德·贝尔瑟。”

“Oh. My God! This is the thing he valued most…”

“哦，天哪！这是他最珍视的东西……”

Jack held the watch for a few minutes, then called his assistant and cleared his appointments for the next two days.“Why?” his assistant asked.

杰克拿着手表看了几分钟，然后打电话给他的助理，取消了接下来两天的会议。“为什么？”助理问道。

“I need some time to spend with my son,” he said.

“我需要一些时间和儿子在一起，”他说。

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